Modifier Placement

Does it matter where you put a modifying word or clause?

A reader asks if there is a difference between these two sentences:

The old lady who was injured in the accident is now in the hospital.
The old lady who is now in the hospital was injured in the accident.

In English, the placement of a modifying word or phrase is important. A modifier can change the meaning of a sentence depending on where it is placed:

INCORRECT: The mailman dropped off a package wet.

Was the package wet or was the mailman wet? This sentence does not make it clear.

CORRECT: The mailman dropped off a wet package.

This makes it clear that the package was wet.

CORRECT: The wet mailman dropped off a package.

This makes it clear that the mailman was wet.

It is not that the first sentence is grammatically incorrect; it is that it does not communicate its point adequately.

This is the case in the two sentences that our reader asked about. Because of where the modifying clauses are placed, each sentence emphasizes something different about the situation. In the first sentence ("The old lady who was injured in the accident is now in the hospital"), the speaker is putting the emphasis on the accident. There are many old ladies in the world, but the one who was in the accident is the one now in the hospital. In the second sentence ("The old lady who is now in the hospital was injured in the accident"), the speaker puts the emphasis on the old lady in the hospital. It seems to imply that there is only one old lady in the hospital right now, and that old lady was injured in the accident.

Generally speaking, if you want to avoid confusion, try to place your modifier as close as possible to the word being modified.