Verb conjugation chart

---

The concept of verb conjugation is the same as in English — only the details are far more complicated.

Verb conjugation refers to the process of changing a verb form to provide information about the action being performed. The form of the verb can give us some idea about who is performing the action, when (past, present, future) the action is being performed, and the relation of the verb to other parts of the sentence.

Both Spanish and English have three verb moods:

1- indicative
2- subjunctive
3- imperative

All verbs, except the non-finite verb forms are in one of above moods. Before to talk about the three verb moods, we need to review the non-finite verb forms.

Non-finite verb is a form of the verb that does not show a distinction in tense and cannot stand alone as the main verb in a sentence (Contrast with finite verb). The main types of non-finite verbs are infinitives, present participles or gerunds, and past participle.

1- infinitive: the most basic form of a verb. In Spanish, infinitives always end in -ar, -er, or -ir. In English, the term is usually used to refer to the to + verb form of the verb.

2- In both English and Spanish, there are two types of participles: present participles and past participles.

a- present participle or gerund: the term generally is used to refer to the present participle in English and the verbal present participle of Spanish.

In English, the present participle can combine with forms of the verb to be to make the progressive tenses, typically end in -ing (made by following a form of the verb to be with the gerund of a verb).

In Spanish, the present participle can combine with forms of the verb estar to make the progressive tenses, typically end in -ando or -endo (made by using a conjugation of estar followed by the gerund).

In both languages, the gerund is used to form the progressive or continuous tenses. Note that while the English gerund can be and frequently is used a noun, the Spanish gerund does not function as a noun.

b- past participle: An impersonal inflected verb form that combines with auxiliary verbs and can sometimes function as an adjective. The auxiliary verbs used in English is to have and in Spanish with the conjugation of the verb haber.

In English, the past participles typically end in -ed, while in Spanish, regular past participles end in -ado or -ido.

Each mood has diferente tenses, usually simples and compounts (perfect tenses).

The tense of a verb indicates the time when the action occurs. It may be in the past, present or future.

The simple tenses are the forms of the verb without the use of a modal or helping verb.

The common compount tenses or perfect tenses are a type of tense that indicates the completion of action. In English, the perfect tenses are formed by using to have followed by the past participle. In Spanish, the perfect tenses are formed by using haber followed by the past participle.

Following the three moods:

1- The indicative mood is the verb mood used in ordinary, typical speech when making statements. The indicative mood has five simple tenses, and each one of them has a corresponding perfect form as compount tenses.

The simple tenses. The following are the simple tenses:

1- present
2- imperfect (known as imperfecto o copréterito in Spanish)
3- preterite (known as pretérito indefinido)
4- future
5- conditional

The common compount tenses or perfect tenses. The following are the perfect tenses:

1- present perfect (known as pretérito perfecto in Spanish)
2- pluperfect or past perfect (known as pluscuamperfecto in Spanish)
3- preterite perfect or "past anterior" (known as pretérito anterior in Spanish)
4- future perfect
5- conditional perfect.

2- The subjunctive mood is used not to indicate that something is being asserted but that it is contrary to fact, supposed, doubted, feared or desired.

The simple tenses. The following are the simple tenses:

1- present
2- imperfect (There are two kinds of imperfects)
3- preterite
4- future.

The common compount tenses or perfect tenses. The following are the perfect tenses:

1- present perfect (known as pretérito perfecto in Spanish)
2- pluperfect (known as pluscuamperfecto in Spanish. and there are two kinds of pluperfects)
3- future perfect.

3- The imperative mood is used to give direct commands. The only tense are the present and it's not used in the first of singular.

The following chart shows the conjugations of a verb as a model.

---

Impersonal

Infinitive: amar
Gerund: amando
Participle: amado

---

Indicative
	Present	Preterite	imperfect	future	conditional
yo tú/vos él, ella, Ud. nosotros vosotros ellos, ellas, Uds.	amo amas/amás ama amamos amáis aman	amé amaste amó amamos amasteis amaron	amaba amabas amaba amábamos amabais amaban	amaré amarás amará amaremos amaréis amarán	amaría amarías amaría amaríamos amaríais amarían
Common Compound Tenses
(participle)	present perfect	pluperfect	anterior preterite	future perfect	conditional perfect
yo tú, vos él, ella, Ud. nosotros vosotros ellos, ellas, Uds.	he has ha hemos habéis han	había habías había habíamos habíais habían	hube hubiste hubo hubimos hubisteis hubieron	habré habrás habrá habremos habréis habrán	habría habrías habría habríamos habríais habrían

---

Subjuntive
(que...)	present	imperfect 1	imperfect 2	future
yo tú, vos él, ella, Ud. nosotros vosotros ellos, ellas, Uds.	ame ames ame amemos améis amen	amara amaras amara amáramos amarais amaran	amase amases amase amásemos amaseis amasen	amare amares amare amáremos amareis amaren
Common Compound Tenses
(que...) participle	present perfect	pluperfect 1	pluperfect 2	future perfect
yo tú, vos él, ella, Ud. nosotros vosotros ellos, ellas, Uds.	haya hayas haya hayamos hayáis hayan	hubiera hubieras hubiera hubiéramos hubierais hubieran	hubiese hubieses hubiese hubiésemos hubieseis hubiesen	hubiere hubieres hubiere hubiéremos hubiereis hubieren
Imperative
	present
(yo) (tú/vos) (él, ella, Ud.) (nosotros) (vosotros) (ellos, ellas, Uds.)	- ama/amá ame amemos amad amen

---

More information:
Appendix 1: Models verb conjugation