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Adjective

An adjective is a word which modifies (tells us more about) a noun or a pronoun.

Examples: hot tea, old man, beautiful girl, white shirt, intelligent student, interesting story, handsome boy, huge room.

In these examples the words “hot, old, beautiful, white, intelligent, interesting, handsome, and & huge” are adjectives because they modify (gives more information about) the attached nouns.

Adjectives modify the nouns by telling more about various aspects of nouns such as quantity, quality, size, colour, and personal characteristics about the noun.

A sentence can have one adjective as well as more than one adjective.

Example:

A handsome boy won the competition. (one adjective)
A handsome and intelligent boy won the competition. (two adjectives)
A handsome, tall and intelligent boy won the competition. (three adjectives)
A handsome, tall, smart and intelligent boy won the competition. (four adjectives)

Common examples:

• ‘Red, white, black, purple, green, yellow, and brown’ are some adjectives because they tells us about the colour of a noun.
• ‘Thin, fat, short, tall, beautiful, and ugly’ are some adjectives telling about the physical characteristics of the nouns or the pronouns.
• ‘Brave, intelligent, courageous, exuberant, diligent, and determined’ are some adjectives telling about personal trait of the nouns or the pronouns.

Using Adjectives in a Sentence

Adjectives are used at two places in the sentence on the basis the structure of the sentence.

• Before a noun
• After some stative verbs (e.g. resemble, look, feel etc) or dynamic verbs used as stative verbs in a sentence.

  1. Use of adjectives before a noun

Examples:

Adjectives are mostly used before a noun the sentences.

He bought an expensive car.
He gifted me a nice shirt.
She gave me a red rose.
He told us an interesting story.
The fat man helped the boys.
A beautiful girl is dancing in the room.
They hired a huge building.
He faced many complicated problems.
He is running a small business.
They gave us delicious food.
He is suffering from severe fever.

  2. Use of adjectives after a verb (stative verbs).

An adjective is also used after a stative verb (seem, consist, is, have, feel, possess) or verbs used as a stative verb in the sentence.

Unlike a dynamic verb which expresses an action (e.g. eat, write, go), the stative verb is a verb that expresses a state of something (e.g. seem, consist, is, feel, possess)

More Examples.

He looks handsome.
He is a naughty.
The kids became happy.
His problems seem complicated.
The movie is interesting.
That idea was good.
She feels sad.
The shirt is yellow.
The soldier is brave.
The rotten food tastes bad.
She was angry.

Degrees of Adjective

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An adjective is a word which modifies (tells us more about) a noun or a pronoun.

Examples: hot tea, old man, beautiful girl, white shirt, intelligent student, interesting story, handsome boy, huge room.

In these examples the words “hot, old, beautiful, white, intelligent, interesting, handsome, and & huge” are adjectives because they modify (gives more information about) the attached nouns.

Every adjective has its three degrees:

1. Positive Adjective
2. Comparative Adjective
3. Superlative Adjective

These three degrees of an adjective express the intensity of adjective in increasing order. e.g. big – bigger – biggest; good – better – best.

Examples:

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Happy	Happier	Happiest
Heavy	Heavier	Heaviest
Large	Larger	Largest
Short	Shorter	Shortest
Lucky	Luckier	Luckiest
Old	Older	Oldest
Many	More	Most
Little	Less	Least
Bad	Worse	Worst
Horrible	More horrible	Most horrible
Attractive	More Attractive	Most Attractive
Beautiful	More beautiful	Most beautiful

  1. Use of Positive Adjectives

A positive adjective is used as the normal adjective form, the one you probably think of when you think of an adjective. You use this form when describing one thing or a group of things.

Example:

Jessica's backpack is really heavy.

The adjective heavy is in the positive degree.

  2. Use of Comparative Adjectives

A comparative adjective is used to show a characteristic or a property of one thing (noun or pronoun) in a comparison to another thing (only one thing).

It makes comparison between two things (not more than two).

Words like “than” & “to” are used after a comparative adjective in a sentence to show comparison of the two things.

Examples:

A bus is bigger than a car.
She is cleverer than him
A car is heavier than a bicycle.
You are taller than me
He is more handsome than his brother.
Your voice is louder than her voice

  3. Use of Superlative Adjective

A superlative adjective is used to show a characteristic or a property of one thing (noun or pronoun) in a comparison to many other things (many things, more than one). It makes comparison of one thing to many other things.

A superlative degree expresses highest intensity (i.e. quality or quantity) of a thing in a comparison to other many things (not one but more than one).

A superlative adjective states that a thing is surpassing all the other things in terms of property, characteristic or quantity.

Example:

John is the tallest boy of his class.

It means that john is surpassing all the boys of his class in tallness. No one other boy, in the class, is taller than john. It makes the comparison of John and all the students of his class.

Words like “of” and “in” are used after a superlative degree in the sentence. An article “the” should be used before a superlative degree when modifying a particular noun.

Some Examples:
Einstein was the most intelligent scientist in the world.
He is the richest man of the town.
He is the most brilliant boy of his class.
My room is the biggest of all room in my house.
Sara is the most talkative girl in his family.
A train is the fastest vehicle.
Rive Nile is the deepest river in the world.

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